What the Bible Teaches about Divorce
Lesson 1: The Institution of Marriage

The world has changed so much in my lifetime that I feel older than I am. I was born in 1942, which is not long ago. Yet life today is a long journey away from life in my childhood . Although the 40s and 50s contained the seeds of things to come, nobody then could have predicted the present crop of results.

Among all my playmates when I was child, not one lived in a home without his two natural parents, if both were living. Today, in a typical Christian school, drawing from the best homes in the community, about half of the children come from broken homes. What has happened? The devil's campaign to promote lawlessness has succeeded in trashing the traditional family.

God placed man in a matrix of social institutions designed to restrain sin. He founded the church, so that man could hear the law of God. He founded civil government to deter crime and punish criminals. And He founded the family, so that each generation could pass on its best achievements and wisdom to the next, and so that each individual could live in a situation fostering cooperation, unselfish service to others, and love. Although the devil has attacked all these institutions, his special target has been the family, because it is the most important. One of his chief tactics has been to overthrow the time-honored laws that made divorce and remarriage difficult. Within the last fifty years he has won a great victory in persuading governments throughout the Western world to allow no-fault divorce. Whereas in years past it was impossible to obtain a divorce without convincing a judge that the spouse was guilty of adultery, or desertion, or some other gross offense against the family, a husband and wife in contemporary society can sever their relationship just by mutual consent. The old laws were intended to protect children from deprivation of either natural parent. Nowadays, the laws give scant consideration to the welfare of children.

Statistics vividly show that the devil's relentless assault upon the family has been very effective.

Year
Divorces/1000 people
Marriages/1000 people
1890
.5
9.0
1915
1.0
10.0
1920
1.6
12.0
1940
2.0
12.1
1945
3.5
12.2
1960
2.2
8.5
1965
2.5
9.3
1970
3.5
10.6
1975
4.8
10.0
1981
5.3
10.6
1982
5.1
10.8
1988-1993
4.7
-
1996
4.6
-

For the first time in history, the divorce rate reached half of the marriage rate in 1981. Since then, the divorce rate has tapered off. Now, about 43% of all new marriages are likely to end in divorce. But we should not infer that the institution of the family is stabilizing. An increasing number of the people who would be most prone to divorce are electing not to get married. Instead, they are choosing heterosexual or homosexual cohabitation.

The first man and woman that God created—Adam and Eve—also became the first married couple. God Himself officiated at their wedding, which marked the beginning not only of their marriage, but also of the institution of marriage.

Genesis 2:21-24

Through the institution of marriage, God sought to achieve two purposes.

1) He wanted man to have the experience of complete human love.

Genesis 2:18-20

The love between man and wife is a physical love, for "they shall be one flesh" (Gen. 2:24). Yet it is also an emotional love, for the man "shall cleave unto his wife" (same verse). That is, he will hold her warmly without ever letting her go. And their love is also friendship, for she will be his constant helper (Gen. 2:18). The failure of any animal to provide adequate companionship for Adam (Gen. 2:20) demonstrates that the love of man and wife also has intellectual and spiritual facets.

A perfect love between man and wife pictures God's love for the church.

Ephesians 5:25-32

2) Another purpose of marriage is procreation.

Genesis 1:27-28

The command to be fruitful and multiply preceded even the commission to subdue the earth. Since God had already instituted marriage, the first man and woman must have understood that marital love was God's appointed means of bringing new life into the world.

Jesus' reply to the Pharisees. When the Pharisees sought Jesus' views on divorce, He advised them to look again at the Book of Genesis.

Matthew 19:3-6

Jesus reminded the Pharisees that God intended man and wife to be as one flesh. It is therefore evident that divorce is as unnatural and as contrary to God's purpose as cutting a body in two. The result for a body so maimed would be death. By implication, divorce brings moral and spiritual death to anyone who severs himself from his partner. Jesus concludes, "What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder." "Man" refers to any human being, male or female, and includes the married persons themselves.

Malachi's appeal to his countrymen. The prophet Malachi says that God's disapproval of divorce is so strong that it can be called hatred.

Malachi 2:14-16

According to Malachi, God hates divorce (called "putting away") because it thwarts both of His purposes in marriage. Instead of love, there is treachery and violence. Instead of godly offspring, there are disturbed, unhappy children who find it hard to follow God.

Effects of divorce upon children. Divorce victimizes children in many ways.

1) Children from broken homes may have trouble establishing successful, stable homes of their own, because it is primarily from our parents' example that we learn how to conduct and preserve an intimate relationship with another person. One word of advice to my sons when they were young was, Marry a girl from a happy home. My wife and I are happily married. Why? Partly because our parents had good marriages.

2) Divorce disturbs the development of normal sex identity. Boys are more affected than girls, since the usual result of divorce is removal of the father from the family. The more absent he is, and the more hostility the mother expresses toward the father, the more pronounced the effect will be. A boy may become effeminate, or he may adopt an exaggerated masculinity leading to antisocial behavior. Many girls from broken homes, with missing fathers, become insecure and overly dependent, and they are prone to use sex as a means of attracting male attention.

3) The motivation to do well in school (known as "academic achievement motivation") depends more on fathers than on mothers. Unless the mother pushes extra hard, a child with a missing or remote father tends to lag in school.

4) The message of the text in Malachi is that a child achieves spiritual excellence mainly through his father's example and encouragement. The father's influence is especially critical for boys. The worst effect of divorce is to leave children with a life-shaping example of faithlessness to a solemn promise ("'Til death do us part"). Such an example breeds dishonesty in these children, and anyone with the trait of dishonesty finds it extremely hard to make a meaningful commitment to God.

But notice especially the next verse.

Luke 8:4-15

We are all sinners saved through the gospel of grace, but one way God enables us to make a genuine and lasting decision to believe the gospel is by giving us, through our upbringing and experience, a measure of honesty in our hearts.


Study Questions

  1. What three social institutions did God create to restrain sin?
  2. What development in the last fifty years has caused a jump in the divorce rate?
  3. When did the divorce rate reach half of the marriage rate?
  4. What percent of new marriages are likely to end in divorce?
  5. When did God institute marriage?
  6. What are two divine purposes in marriage?
  7. What kind of love do man and wife share?
  8. Of what is marital love a picture?
  9. What teaching in Genesis does Jesus cite to show that divorce is unnatural?
  10. What general rule prohibiting divorce does Jesus enunciate?
  11. According to Malachi, how strong is God's disapproval of divorce?
  12. How does divorce thwart both of God's purposes in marriage?
  13. List four evil effects of divorce on children.
  14. Why does divorce tend to make children dishonest?
  15. In what kind of heart does the Word take root?